Outsourcing Clinical Trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outsourcing Clinical Trial - Research Paper Example In developed countries, there is need to recruit a large population for the trials which is not possible. This is because people in the developed countries have health insurances or they benefit from the government making them reluctant to sign up for the clinical trials. This is contrasted to the situation in developed countries where the clinical trials are done. The population in developing countries has no health insurances and the public health services that they are able to receive are dismal. This makes the population to sign up for the trials as they are promised care when they involve in the trials. In an analysis that was carried out in one of the developing countries, India, the population believe that when they sign up for the trials, they will be in a position to receive better care. This can be considered a means of industries testing their drugs on poor patients. Most of those that sign up for the trials are those who are illiterate and this makes it difficult to be sure whether they have understood the consent documents that they are given. A major problem with the trials is that they are not published as trials. Despite the regulations that may be put forward to ensure safety of the patients, most of the patients are not informed by the physicians that they are involved in the trials. Several problems have been experienced in clinical trial but instead of prohibition to protect human rights, the advocates for the activities argue that there is only need to improve the monitoring of such activities.

Pearl Harbour Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pearl Harbour Paper - Essay Example During this attack, nearly 2,400 Americans lost their lives. Japanese sources confirmed that they only lost less than 70 service men (Hixson 103). After these attacks, the future of Japan remained on the balance due to possible retaliations by US and its European allies. This essay will investigate the implication of the attacks on America and the Japanese empire. The essay will also investigate how the attack inspired America into joining World War II. Japan had aggressive interests in Asia and therefore it considered America as a major threat. Before the attacks, America had established strong military bases in the pacific off the coast of Japan that were intended to protect American interest in Asia and the pacific. Just before Japan carried out the attacks, the US navy posed a major threat to the Japanese interests on Dutch Indies and Malaya. Japan was intending to invade the two regions due to the availability of natural resources such as oil and rubber. The surprise attacks on the US military bases were therefore, meant to neutralize US power in the pacific and pave way for Japanese advancement. The Japanese decision to carry out the attack was wise and tactical. This is because America was overwhelming Japan with its continued invasion of eastern territories. America had occupied or controlled all territories that were of Japanese interest. These included the Philippines, Dutch Indies and China. The attack was the easiest way that Japan could have applied to divert America’s attention concerning its occupation of Pacific territories. America was exporting oil to Japan before the Japanese decided to attack the Pearl Harbor, this was a tactical method of controlling Japan. America could not conduct a direct occupation of Japan as it had done in other territories. Oil exportation was the only method that the US could have applied to control Japan (Hixson 123). This is evident from most negotiations that were conducted between the two powers. When Jap an intended to invade French Indochina, America threatened Japan with withdrawal of oil export. This indicates that Japan really needed to break away from overdependence on American oil. Japan was also experiencing a massive expansion in its industrial and military sector. The country therefore needed uncontrolled supplies of oil and other raw materials. If Japan had not invaded US installation at the Pearl Harbor, it would never become an energy independent nation. The US stopped exporting oil to Japan in 1941 following Japanese expansions into China that were motivated by the pearl harbor attacks. After the US ceased its oil exports, Japan looked for other alternatives to get its oil supplies and its long journey of becoming an independent nation in terms of energy. Competition over dominance also made the US and Japan to become major rivals. Analysts believe that rivalry between Japan and the US had reached a breaking point even before Japan carried out its attacks on the US faci lities. Japanese provocative moves in China and Philippines had made the US to secretly plan for war against Japan. Although the US was getting ready for war against Japan, they never believed that Japan would have interests in attacking the Pearl Harbor. If Japan had not attacked the Pearl Harbor, the US could have used the facility to carryout offensive on Japanese soil. In such case

Discrimination Against Women Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Against Women Essay The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. From equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period,to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in India including that of the President, Prime minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition. As of 2011, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (Lower House of the parliament) both are women. However, women in India continue to face discrimination and other social challenges and are often victims of abuse and violent crimes and, according to a global poll conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the fourth most dangerous country in the world for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 countries. History Ancient India Scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life.[11] However, some others hold contrasting views.[12] Works by ancient Indian grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana suggest that women were educated in the early Vedic period[13][14] Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband.[15] Scriptures such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.[16] There are very few texts specifically dealing with the role of women;[17] an important exception is the Stri Dharma Paddhati of Tryambakayajvan, an official at Thanjavur around c.1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly behaviour dating back to the Apastamba sutra (c. 4th c. BCE).[18] The opening verse goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam hi : women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as nagarvadhu (bride of the city). Women competed to win the coveted title of the nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu. According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early Vedic period.[19] However, later (approximately 500 B.C.), the status of women began to decline with the Smritis (esp. Manusmriti) and with the Islamic invasion of Babur and the Mughal empire and later Christianity curtailing womens freedom and rights.[7] Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions.[19] The practice of child marriages is believed to have started from around sixth century.[20]

A Film Analysis Of An Inconvenient Truth Politics Essay

A Film Analysis Of An Inconvenient Truth Politics Essay The film chosen for the analysis is An Inconvenient Truth. This is a documentary film made in 2006, directed by Davis Guggenheim and presented by Al Gore, the former Vice-President of USA and a US presidential Candidate. The film deals about global warming and climate change and it presents and explains to the public a crisis that impacts and will impact us all. This film, although not a Canadian production, was chosen for several reasons. First climate change and global warming is a global issue, affecting all people on Earth, regardless of their nationality, religion or social status. It is also a Canadian issue because Canada is a part of this global community but it also a Canadian issue because of very specific environment in the north of this country. Also, Canada is one of the biggest polluters in the world and is ranked amongst the dirty dozen: the twelve biggest producers of greenhouse gases. Second, climate change has in the last couple of years become a very important poli tical issue. The issue of global warming and other environmental issues have been widely discussed in the Canadian press while the politicians have been increasingly debating this topic. Since the public awareness about the climate change has grown (partly because of this film!), Canadian voters have made the environment a very important, if not the most important issue in deciding which party to vote for. Third, climate change and global warming have been in the center of media attention because of Canadas recent withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol. Also the Conservative governments decision to develop a national plan for the reduction of the greenhouse emissions (instead of joining the international effort) additionally raised public attention Stephen Harpers government claims that the Kyoto commitment would be too disruptive to Canadas economy, and hence the change. Finally, the global warming theorists have responded to the documentary with their counter argument; some are good, and others are weak. The proposal of this essay is to attempt to present both sides; what is presented in the film documentary, how it is debunked by supporters of the global warming theory, and what information presented in the documentary and in the response can be debunked; and what is left after the debunking. What science remains after applying science to both arguments? The film follows Al Gores lectures to mass audiences on global warming and climate change. As Mr. Gore states himself, he has given the lecture a thousand times in cities all over the world. To an average person a retired politician giving a lecture on a complex science issue may seem like something that one would probably sleep through. Yet, Gore is very passionate on the subject; the lecture is very well conceived, prepared and presented. In the film the lecture is combined with dramatic images and facts thus giving it a feeling like a good action movie. Gore is eloquent, funny and entertaining. The facts are presented in a very simple yet extraordinarily effective manner. The lecture as well as the film is most likely aimed at people who know little about this issue. However, even those who believe to know a lot may still be in for several surprises. For example, I was shocked to find out that US cars couldnt be sold in China since they do not meet the Chinese environmental standa rds! In fact, Chinese mileage standards are better than the mileage standards in Canada. An Inconvenient Truth is an excellent film, primarily because it manages to get its message across. For the first time, global warming has become a mainstream issue and everybody is talking about it. Even those who criticize the film and call it a lie are nevertheless thinking about it and acting on it. The issues of global warming, climate change and their relationship with the increase of greenhouse gases are not new. In fact as Mr. Gore states in the film, the evidence that there is an increase in CO2 levels in the global atmosphere has been around since the early 1960s. Despite this fact a controversy around this issue arose in past decades. Some sources claimed that the increase in the concentration of green house gases is not a product of human activity at all but is rather a natural process. However, this controversy was not created by the scientific community. There is no doubt amongst scientists that the current global warming is caused by human activities. They have also pr esented a range of effects that we can expect to occur. The controversy is a political creation perpetrated by popular press. As Mr. Gore eloquently tells us, there is no controversy about these facts. Out of 925 recent articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals about global warming, 0% said that that the causes of global warming are uncertain. The success and the impact of the film can be attributed to many dramatic images that are used to show the effects of global warming and which the creators use to punctuate the facts they are presenting. A good example is a photograph of Mount Kilimanjaro in Kenya, Africa. The film begins and ends with image of the Earth, landscapes, seas, lakes and sunsets. The first photo is from the 1970 and then several follow up until 2005. Each show an increasing and alarming reduction of snow and ice at the peak of the mountain with the progression of time. On the last photograph there is hardly any snow. The emotional impact is heightened with dramatic images of New Orleans after the hurricane Katrina. The hurricane was directly linked to climate change and global warming because one of the effects of global warming are more severe storms. Another segment which was chosen to touch US viewers was the one in which Mr. Gore discusses the fate of certain low-lying regions in the worst-case event of melted icecaps raising the sea-level by twenty some feet. The film does a nice job also of giving some perspective to Mr. Gores passion. He talks openly and emotionally about his son being hit by a car at the age of six, and how thinking he was going to lose his beloved child made him reconsider his priorities and what he was doing with his life. The emotion of two other events in Mr. Gores life and how they inspired his environmental activism also come across in the film: his defeat in Florida to Bush, the death of his sister, a lifelong smoker, from lung cancer and the fact that his family farmed tobacco and didnt stop until after her death. However, these are very briefly covered but still are an important piece of the story. Furthermore, Mr. Gores presentation is very straightforward, simple and precise. He gives it flavour by adding jokes, literary quotes and by using a sleek, savvy and sophisticated power-point slide show. These details make up for the lack of literally any other person addressing the audience. Al Gore and the makers of this film go to great lengths to emphasize that the problem of global warming and the issues related to climate change as well as the urgency of the need to do something about it should not be political issues. To Mr. Gore this issue is so important and the potential consequences so dire that it is necessary to put aside all political differences and to go beyond politics. Yet in the film, the authors cannot help but criticize the Republican Party for their attitude towards the environment. The scenes in New Orleans after Katrina link the consequences of the current US Administrations lack of action against global warming with the Administrations failure to act and help the people of New Orleans after the hurricane. There is a scene in which two Republican Presidents are commenting on global warming as a non-issue, an attitude that seems ridiculous at best. To Mr. Gore global warming and its consequence go beyond politics and borders: it is a moral issue. If we do not do something to stop it we will be acting unethically. Nevertheless, he does not steer clear of politics. He compares our current attitude of doing almost nothing against global warming to the attitude of world powers in the 1930s while the Nazi were rising to power in Germany. Although it should not be a political issue because global warming is a fact and not an opinion or one partly or the other, nevertheless it is clear that it is now exactly a political issue. People are divided amongst two groups. In the first group are those who agree that global warming is taking place, that it is caused by human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning and that it is causing dire consequences. In the second group are those who believe that the current global warming is a natural occurrence and that it is not caused by human activity and that therefore nothing needs to be done about it. The first group are usually liberal, environmentalists; the second group are people in the oil and automobile industry, conservatives, Republicans. Hence, in this way global warming and problems surrounding it actually become a political issue. Mr. Gore states in the documentary that he wants to reach as many people as possible one city at a time. However it is more likely that p eople who share views with him will be the ones that will watch the film. Those who oppose them, will not want to see it. Yet the film will also reach those that are undecided or more importantly know little or nothing about global warming. Some may know a little bit about global warming but be unaware of the far-reaching consequences it may have on the global climate. It is these people that the movie is targeting. The main message of the first movie is that global warming is real and is happening, that humans play a significant role in what is happening, and if we continue to neglect what is happening the future could bring catastrophe on a global scale. What Mr. Gore and the authors of the film are doing is simply offering up the growing mountain of scientific evidence that backs this argument to as many people as possible in a simple and approachable fashion. The idea of the film, much like the idea behind Mr. Gores lectures is to inform as many ordinary people as possible. Global warming has become a political issue, although as Mr. Gore argues it is an issue that goes beyond politics. The political aspect cannot be ignored particularly because of Mr. Gore political history and because the USA is currently all but ignoring the topic of global warming. The film documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle (2007), by director Martin Durkin, features some of the worlds and certainly the United States most highly credible and respected scientists in a discussion on global warming. The scientists are taking the position that global warming is occurring, but that it is more scientifically seen as the natural forces of nature as opposed to the man-made greenhouse gasses or CO2 put into the atmosphere by mankind. Their argument about global warming as a natural occurrence is compelling, and convincing. At the foundation of this argument, which has garnered great support, including celebrities like Leonardo DiCaprio, and political force, like former Vice President Al Gore who has made a film about mans abuse of fossil fuels; is the notion that global warming is bringing about climate change that is responsible for everything from the melting of the icebergs at the north pole, to tidal waves and hurricanes (Gore, A., An Inconvenient Truth, 2006, motion-picture). In response to the allegations that mankind and, especially, that CO2 regardless of who put it into the air; mankind, plants, the residual of the decaying plant and life processes. A group of scientists, including highly respected Professor Tim Ball, of the University of Winnipeg; Professor Niv Shaviv, University of Jerusalem; Professor Ian Clark, University of Ottawa; Professor John Christy of the University of Alabama and lead author International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Professor Philip Stott, University of London; Professor Richard Lindzen, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and others from Harvard and other highly respected universities around the world. Have come together on film, loaded with scientific information which, if it does not refute mankinds responsibility for global warming, at least demonstrates that there is a lack of scientific evidence to support that contention. Because it is highly controversial, and because these scientists have taken the unpopular position of anti-CO2; they have now been called names like heretic and have even been the subjects of death threats because of their outspokenness. It is not, they emphasize, to be unpopular to contrary to a popular notion, but to refute bad science, they say, that they come together in this way to present the other side, the scientific side, of global warming that is not found in Al Gores very popular film on mankind generated global warming, An Inconvenient Truth (2006). Anytime a cause has the huge special interest of the environmentalists, responsible for preventing exploitation of fossil fuels in the pristine Alaskan range; and add to that mix the celebrity of Hollywood and the political clout of the man from whom the 2000 presidential election was stolen from, Al Gore, then you have an emotional, but highly powered, or fueled, group of advocates. It is not that their goal of alternative fuels is not an admirable goal; only, contend the scientists of The Great Global Warming Swindle, that it is, at best, bad science, and, at worst, responsible for keeping the third world nations in the dark because of their support and influence in preventing development or industrialization in third world nations. Carbon dioxide, the scientists of The Great Global Warming Swindle, contend, has always had a fluctuating presence in the earths atmosphere, and that it is a relatively small amount in the atmosphere. The data, they contend, shows that there is a surface warming of a slight level, but no atmospheric warming. The recent warming of the earth, they contend, happened in the early part of the 20th century, and, if the CO2 theory were valid, it would be reflected in the data that shows that the most significant increase in human generated CO2. Professor Ian Clark has examined ice samples going back thousands of years, but that link between CO2 and the weather, but that the CO2 levels lag behind the temperature increase by 800 years. So when the temperature rises, behind it, consistent with historical data, the CO2 rises. The most fundamental assumption of climate changes because of CO2 is proven wrong, the scientists say. In fact, that the CO2 increases in the atmosphere is more easily proven scientifically to be consistent with global cooling, than global warming. Other natural bodies, like the oceans, are the source of CO2 than is the modern technology of mankind.The scientists say that the global warming, now, is a result of coming out of a mini-ice age, and that during that time, which predates modern civilization, the temperatures were much cooler than those times going back to the little medieval period, when in fact the temperatures were much higher than temperatures today, and during a period when mankind could not have had any responsibility for putting CO2 into the atmosphere. It is not, these scientists contend, CO2 that drives climate change. They do agree that climate change is occurring, that the global warming is occurring; but that it is more related to the activity of the sun, solar flares, solar winds that pass close to the earth, than mankinds generating CO2 into the atmosphere. It is important to understand that these scientists do not disagree that there is a need to find alternative fuel sources, or that environmental conscientiousness is a good thing; they do, however, adamantly maintain that they cannot stand back as scientists and allow to be put out as fact and good science, when in fact it is not.

Nasty Trick in Stephen Cranes The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky Essay

Nasty Trick in Stephen Crane's The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky "The great Pullman was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that the plains of Texas were pouring eastward" (91). Boom! We're on a train witnessing the liquid landscape of Texas. This fact is all Stephen Crane chooses to tell us. In fact, he doesn't even use the word "train" until the ninth paragraph when he is writing dialogue for the man who is the betrothed to the woman implied in the title of the piece, "The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky." We learn in the second paragraph that the couple is on a coach from San Antonio and that "the man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and the sun" (91). We also learn that the "bride was not pretty, nor was she young" and it would seem that this couple are rather out of place on this coach speeding away from San Antonio (91). Crane is up to something. Don't think he's going to leave them on this train. No, I am here to inform you that he has a nasty little trick up his sleeve an d his goal is to "deceive to delight"; he is going to try a fast bait and switch, dangling the barbed hook before your startled imagination, and then, when you least expect it, he plans to go for the kill, jerking the carpet out from beneath your very feet. The couple "were evidently very happy" (91). The "man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the negro porter" (92). It would seem that this handyman "bullied" them in ways to which they seemingly naà ¯ve. In fact, everything about this couple seems naà ¯ve, simple, unsophisticated. She tells him the time "with a shy and clumsy coquetry" which causes a passerby to grow "excessively sardonic" and... ... of Yellow Sky to learn of Potter's new marriage. Upon bearing witness to this fact, a befuddles Scratchy replies "Well, I s'pose it's all off now," and, "placing both weapons in their holsters," his feet make "funnel-shaped tracks in the sand" as they carry him out of the story, the covers of the book folding shut on this scene (99). And this, I suppose, explains that nasty little trick Cain had up his sleeve, his goal of "deceiving to delight" accomplished with whatever degree of success the reader is willing to grant him, his fast bait and switch ploy holding up an "innocent and unsuspecting" simpleton only to, with deft slight of pen, transform him into a hero before our unsuspecting eyes. Works Cited: Crane, Stephen. "Bride Comes to Yellow Sky." Literature: The Human Experience. 8th ed. Ed. Richard Abcarian and Marvin Klotz. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 91-99.

Gatsby is Not Really Great Essay -- The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgera

Is Gatsby Really Great? The first thing you see when you pick up this book is the Title â€Å"The Great Gatsby† So already you expect Gatsby to great before you have even opened the book. As the first chapter unravels The Narrator and Gatsby’s Neighbor Nick Carraway, tells us plainly that he loathes Gatsby, however by the end of the paragraph he describes Gatsby’s character as â€Å"gorgeous†. He also says â€Å"No Gatsby turned out alright in the end.† From now we begin to wonder about how great Gatsby really is? On one hand he is â€Å"vile† because Carraway tell us he has â€Å"Unaffected scorn† for him while on the other hand he is â€Å"gorgeous†. We consider Nicks opinions to be very accurate as he is a fair and sensitive person who is also the probably the only person that really knew Gatsby. Gatsby is the stories protagonist when we first meet him he is very mysterious and â€Å"God Like† which adds to his sense of greatness. Nick says Gatsby has : â€Å"come out to determine what share of our local heavens ." The first thing we see Gatsby doing is reaching for a green light. This green light represents his dream. A dream he is striving to achieve. When considering Gatsby’s Greatness, we must remember always that this is the 1920’s the â€Å"Jazz Age†. And Gatsby was a young successful man with lots of money. Not only is this the ideal of the American dream, but he also through gigantic parties every Saturday in his gothic mansion, where all the rich and famous would gather. He was a perf...

Membership Record Management System Essay

Introduction In the present times were now in the era of modernization and one of the examples of the technologies that has been made is the computer. A computer now a days not only focuses in the line business, politics, education, and economics. It also places a major role in terms of religion. Just like the religion of Methodist Christian. Computers are used to record information, stored date and maintain information about the people that involves the institution. Computers processes are readily available to keep tracks of records, to right data and information to add or delete records and many more. As for now a days different kinds of establishments uses computers as part of their everyday operation. Record management for religions is also a sector affects by the influence of the computers because of the modern technology now a days. In addition for that, Methodist equips computer facilities that are very essential in an organization to use. This system helped other areas that involves in the institution by shifting the manual process of their task to automate processing, from manual records to computerize. And for that, the proponents have decided to develop a membership record management system that will help the said locale. 1:1 Background of the study United Methodist Church (UMC) is a Methodist Christian denomination that is both mainline Protestant and Evangelical. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. One of the Church is the Immanuel United Methodist Church in Palawe City of San Fernando Pampanga.This church has no proper way of recording the list of new member and other information of the church. The study will focus about the manual usage of registration to computerized way. The proponents will develop a system that will make the registration of the members easier and faster. This system will help the church to save, edit, retrieve and print the records of the members. 1.2 Statement of the Problem When were conducting the membership for the Methodist church were still  encountering so many problems on how we will make the registration easier. 1.2.1 General Problem The problem that the facilitators observed and the one that we’re trying to solve in the church are these: accommodating of registrants is slow, false information that has been encoded and they use manual method in conducting the membership for the church. 1.2.2 Specific Problems These were the specific problems that we’ve encountered using the existing system: 1. The members and administrator of the church take a lot of time in processing the information for their records. 2. They don’t have a proper storage for the records due to that other files have been loss. 3. There is a difficulty of locating files because files are not organized properly. 4. The encoding of information of the members may be inaccurate because of manual encoding. 5. The members don’t have a printed copy about the information on their membership. 1.3 Objective of the Study The Immanuel United Methodist Church Membership Record Management System will make the registration of the members faster and easier. Files of the members will be stored and organized properly. 1.3.1 General Objectives To develop Membership Record Management System for Immanuel United Methodist Church. The locale that we’ve choose is located in Palawe City of San Fernando Pampanga. The proponents will attempt to lessen all the problems encountered in the existing system. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1. To develop a system that will faster the processing of the information of the members. 2. To develop a system that will assure records security. 3. To develop a system that will provide fast searching and retrieval of recorded files. 4. To develop a system that will assure accurate and fast computation of the total members of the church. 5. To develop a system that  will provide a printed copy of their information. 1.4 Assumption In implementing the proposed system the proponents have set the following assumptions. 1. The proposed system will fasten the processing of the information of the members.. 2. The proposed system will assure records security. 3. The proposed system will provide fast searching and retrieval of recorded files. 4. The proposed system will assure accurate and fast computation of the total members of the church. 5. The proposed system will provide a printed copy of their information. 1.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study 1.6 Significance of the study The study aims to collect some significant information that will help the proponents in developing the proposed system which is IUMC Membership Record Management System. 1.6.1 Economic Significance With the implementation of the proposed system it will enable the registration to make it faster, more accurate, more significant, more efficient and secured. It will also have a brighter side in terms of economic businesses that are involve in the church that need to know about new technologies and membership system. 1.6.2 Educational Significance It will serve as a guiding tool in making computerized management system for future student that want to deal with system management. It will help computer students in building much better ideas for their own improvements. It will also serve as a reference guide for additional information in the field of Information Technology. 1.6.3 Social Significance It will enable the society to understand more about the importance of computerized system in these modern times. With the help of the system capabilities of doing the work will be easier and faster. 1.6.4 Technological Significance With the help of advance technology now a days these management related task are done faster. To help us now a days, service in churches use computers to be able to simplified more work. The proponents must experience what the technology can really do and how it transforms the traditional routine of work. By using computer equipments it will improve the performance of the church. 1.7 Scope & Delimitation The proponents believed that the proposed system will give the locale a great help and be more productive in performing their membership. These are the following capabilities that the proponents have set: 1. To perform some adding, editing, deleting or searching of records for members and what position they have in the church. 2. To have a process data of every attendant that goes on the church. 3. To have a computerized report, information and other gathered pieces of data. 4. To produce computerized printed copy to the member. 5. To perform a maximum update in each and every members that been encoded. 1.8 Operational Definition of Terms Record Management- Systematic administration of records and documented information for its entire members, information and for the management that handles the whole system. Information System- It is a combination of all the hardware’s, software’s and other facilities that involves about the system. In terms of planning, designing, analyzing and decision making for the system. Database- It is a systematically organized of records that allows easy retrieval, updating, analysis and output of records that represents almost every kind of information. Output- it is the information produce by a computer. Administrator- It is a person that is responsible for managing a computer or network and who has full access to the hardware and software. Members- These are the persons that are involve in managing the system. Protestant – a member of any several church denomination denying the universal authority of the Pope and affirming the reformation principles of justification by faith alone. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Each and every educational study requires information from others so that they can improve the study given by the proponents. The proponents gathered other related literary pieces on preceding research and letters of recognized experts that would have important details in relation about the problem that under goes further explanations whether the related information is by means of existing papered documents, the study focuses on the acknowledgements and to further make stronger the start of the study. 2.1 Review of Related Literature 2.1.1 Foreign LiteratureThe terms record, document and data are not interchangeable. According to BS15489, a Record is â€Å"Information created, received and maintained as evidence and/or information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business†. A record has to be retained as long as it has value and is destroyed at the end of that period. A Document therefore, is everything else so â€Å"does a ‘document’ really need to be stored at all?† Today with the advances in technology, churches have adapted to change and in certain circumstances are accepting emails and other electronic forms of documents or correspondences as ‘best evidence’ where bone-fide hard copy originals are not available. In the past when churches were looking for solutions to remove or reduce costs from their projects, their first port was to remove old files from their expensive office space and put it into deep storage i n a remote warehouse where the price was low and access was minimal. This type of service tended to be used for inactive archival documents, as a low cost method of keeping them safe until the end of their  statutory retention period when they could be destroyed. This is the origins of Document Storage. As legislation and technology came into place requiring churches and organizations to keep documents as evidence and technology has developed, the need has moved to that of managing information. This sort of active management, so an organization can quickly and easily locate & retrieve the information it seeks, has proven to offer such organizations competitive advantage in addition to the more obvious benefit of regulatory compliance. Storing documents is not a simple as putting boxes in an empty warehouse. With the introduction of computers and the electronically created and stored data they have give rise to, we produce more paper records per head of employee than ever before. Companies increasingly find the ‘paperless office’ continu es to be a myth though the ‘less-paper’ office is becoming a reality. 2.1.2 Local Literature The world of local document storage has transformed into an industry that is unrecognizable from its origins, although the paper document continues to remain constant, in the minefield of acronyms that surround the technology that has come to encompass a full Records Management Program. As part of the wider picture organizations are expected to have a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) that includes Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP) all of which need to be safely secured but easy to retrieve. Enterprise content management (ECM), workflow mapping, digitization, hard copy storage web hosting of images and data mining are all part of the transformation that has come to represent the records management industry. After understanding the difference between what needs to be stored and what does not one then has to start understanding the different types or records and who is creating them. Most personnel are potential creators and they all need to understand whether the information they are creating should be stored securely and confidentially or securely destroyed. We have all heard of the recent stories of high profile laptops and information being stolen as well as identity theft fraudsters who rummage in bins to obtain details of clients in order to assume their identity. A formal in-house survey to understand who and where information should be stored can go a long way to creating a system understandable to all. 2.2 Related Studies 2.2.1 Foreign Studies The key to designing a successful records management system is to incorporate the following characteristics: firstly, one needs to be consistent in the manner in which records are captured, managed and maintained irrespective of whether they are electronic or paper records. Secondly they must be accessible to authorized people. One of the fears that people have when out sourcing records is discussed is whether their records will be accessible. A good records management company should be able to guarantee that records will be physically or digitally delivered to within 24 hours. Information must be held in a secure environment protect against floods, fire and intruders. Most records management organizations have password protected entry into their premises and do not publicly disclose the identity of their clients. In addition to the physical security and protection of the storage environment the documents also needs to be shown to be the original, free of any alteration. This may require special management and it is important that the provider is able to adhere to stringent management controls. Finally, retention policies should reflect the requirements of law. It is pre-requisite to be able to provide a full audit trial of any item at any time and where appropriate a ‘Certificate of Destruction’ to prove that the document was destroyed in accordance with government laws. Despite the records management industry being quite a complex industry, the barriers of entry remain very low and we still find anyone with a warehouse a transport network feels more capable than records management specialist to enter into the industry at the detriment of their clients who may find the lower costs being charged are actually resulting in their records not being held in an environmentally controlled warehouse and resulting in damaged records. 2.2.2 Local Studies While meeting statutory requirements is important, widespread usage of the records management system primarily rests upon meeting the first two goals (filing and retrieving records). In this era of enterprise-wide rollouts of records management systems, the users of the classification scheme have changed dramatically. While historically the classification was only really used by the centralized records management staff, it will now be used by  staff throughout the organization. In order to meet these needs, the classification scheme must be understandable by general business staff. It is clear that: If staffs are unable to easily determine where to file records, the records management system will become littered with miss-filed documents. If staff cannot easily find documents at a later date, then they will simply abandon use of the records management system entirely. For these reasons, the effective design of the classification scheme becomes an imperative. 2.3 Difference between the Previous Study and the Proposed Study The existing system of Immaculate United Methodist Church(IUMC) only uses manual process for record management, they just use typewriters and bond papers when they have to input information so therefore the papers of the members are not secure. And also they need a lot of time to organize the records of the registrants. The proposed system â€Å"Immaculate United Methodist Church Record Management System† will help the members of the church to have a clear access of their records and also a printed output of it also the records of the members will be secured. They don’t have to write and type manually. The said system will also automatically generate all records of the members. In this manner the workloads of the administrator and the other person’s that are related on the organization.